Kelly
Campa, Andie Parry, Carolyn Moorman, Siddhant Kishore, Alexandra
Braverman, Ben Rezaei, Katherine Wells, Ria Reddy, Avery Borens,
Victoria Penza, Annika Ganzeveld, and Brian Carter
Information Cutoff: 2:00 pm ET
The
Critical Threats Project (CTP) at the American Enterprise Institute and
the Institute for the Study of War (ISW) publish the Iran Update, which
provides insights into Iranian and Iranian-sponsored activities that
undermine regional stability and threaten US forces and interests. Click
here
to see CTP and ISW’s interactive map of Israeli ground operations. This
map is updated daily alongside the static maps present in this report.
We
do not report in detail on war crimes because these activities are
well-covered in Western media and do not directly affect the military
operations we are assessing and forecasting. We utterly condemn
violations of the laws of armed conflict and the Geneva Conventions and
crimes against humanity even though we do not describe them in these
reports.
Hezbollah Secretary General Naim
Qassem claimed that Hezbollah would outlast Israel in a “war of
attrition” in a speech on November 6.[1] Qassem said that Hezbollah was “ready” for a war of attrition and that Israel would “not win, even if it takes a long time.”[2]
The speech marked the 40-day death anniversary of former Hezbollah
Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah and was Qassem’s second public
statement since taking over as head of Hezbollah.[3]
Qassem
did not tie a Lebanon ceasefire to Israeli actions in the Gaza Strip, a
notable shift from Nasrallah’s position before the ground operation.[4]
Qassem said that Israel would have to end operations in Lebanon before
Hezbollah would agree to indirect ceasefire talks through Lebanese
Parliament Speaker Nabhi Berri, who is a Hezbollah ally.[5]
Qassem said that the ”ceiling” for negotiation would be the ”full
protection of Lebanese sovereignty without any reduction,” suggesting
that Hezbollah will not permit foreign forces to operate in southern
Lebanon in any way that is beyond UNIFIL’s current mandate.[6]
Qassem implicitly threatened the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) against collaboration with the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).[7]
Qassem implied that LAF allowed an Israeli naval raid into Batroun,
north of Beirut by saying that “today I will not accuse” but ”demand” an
answer.[8] Qassem further demanded that the LAF protect Lebanese maritime borders.[9]
Qassem appears to be implying that Hezbollah would not sit idle while
the LAF coordinates with the IDF and could set the tone for LAF
activities in southern Lebanon after the end of the Israeli ground
operation. Israeli Army Radio reported that senior Hezbollah naval
official Imad Amhaz surrendered without resistance to Israeli naval
special operations forces in Batroun on November 1.[10]
Qassem’s comments are notable given that the LAF is the security force
responsible for enforcing Hezbollah’s withdrawal and disarmament in
southern Lebanon, according to leaked copies of a late October ceasefire
proposal.[11]
The leaked text stipulates that LAF would deploy 10,000 troops to
southern Lebanon, monitor the Israel-Lebanon border and all land, sea,
and air crossings, and dismantle all non-state military infrastructure
while confiscating arms.[12]
CTP-ISW previously assessed that the success of this proposal depends
fully on Hezbollah’s agreement and cooperation with the LAF, making
Qassem’s threats notable.[13]
Qassem grossly exaggerated the number of IDF injuries, deaths, and material damage caused by Hezbollah.[14] He falsely claimed that Hezbollah has killed and wounded over a thousand Israeli soldiers over the last 40 days.[15]
The IDF has announced that it has suffered 38 soldiers killed in action
in southern Lebanon and northern Israel since the start of the ground
operation.[16]
Qassem continued to extol Hezbollah’s strength after Israeli operations without providing any evidence. Qassem said that Hezbollah’s weapons stockpiles are not low.[17] The IDF has seized tens of thousands of anti-tank guided munitions from Hezbollah warehouses near the Israel-Lebanon border.[18]
The IDF said that it had destroyed 70 percent of Hezbollah drones and
80 percent of Hezbollah rockets through its ground and air campaign.[19] Qassem also claimed that Hezbollah has tens of thousands of fighters in reserve who are ready to engage the IDF.[20] The IDF assessed that it has killed at least 3,000 Hezbollah fighters since October 7, 2023.[21] Israeli operations, including the pager and radio attacks, have injured thousands of additional Hezbollah fighters.[22] Western estimates of Hezbollah’s fighting force range from 20,000 to 50,000 fighters.[23]
IDF
Chief of Staff Lieutenant General Herzi Halevi said on November 6 that
the IDF will prepare plans to expand military operations in Lebanon.[24] Halevi said that the IDF will develop plans to “expand and deepen” ground operations and activate those plans as needed.[25] Halevi noted that these plans will be formulated alongside efforts to pursue a diplomatic agreement in Lebanon.[26]
Iranian-backed
Iraqi militia Harakat Hezbollah al Nujaba threatened to target US bases
in Iraq and Syria on November 4, likely to pressure the US to prevent
potential Israeli strikes in Iraq. Harakat Hezbollah al Nujaba
Political Council leader Sheikh Ali al Asadi threatened that the Islamic
Resistance in Iraq—a coalition of Iranian-backed Iraqi militias—would
target US bases in Iraq and Syria if the Iraqi government discovered
that Israel used Iraqi airspace to attack Iran on October 25.[27] The IDF struck several locations in Iraq and Syria on October 25 before launching strikes into Iran.[28]
The Iranian-backed Iraqi militias falsely believe that the United
States can control Israeli actions and have often attacked US bases in
Iraq and Syria as a retaliation against Israeli action. Both Israel and
the United States have reportedly warned Iraq that Israel may strike
targets in Iraq if Iranian-backed Iraqi groups target Israel from Iraqi
territory.[29]
These Israeli threats may have led Iraqi militias to attempt to deter
Israel, including by pressuring the United States under the false
assumption that the United States can prevent Israeli strikes on Iraq.
The
Biden Administration has conveyed to the Iraqi government that the
United States will not be able to prevent an Israeli strike in Iraq if
Iran attacks Israel from Iraqi territory. The US National
Security Adviser Jake Sullivan told the Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammad
Shia al Sudani that Israel will almost certainly strike in Iraq if Iran
attacks Israel from Iraqi territory, according to Axios.[30]
Sullivan and US Secretary of State Antony Blinken also pressured Sudani
to limit Iranian-backed Iraqi militia attacks targeting Israel and US
forces in Iraq and Syria, something Sudani has so far failed to prevent.[31]
Iranian-backed Iraqi militia Ansar Allah al Awfiya leader Ali al
Fatlawi also told Lebanese outlet al Akhbar on November 5 that the Iraqi
militias have the right to support the Iranian response against Israel,
further underscoring Sudani’s failure to prevent militia attacks.[32]
The
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) is reportedly transferring
ballistic missiles and drones and planning a joint attack with
Iranian-backed Iraqi militias against Israel, further suggesting Iran
will retaliate for Israel’s October 25 strikes in Iran from Iraqi
territory. Two unspecified Israeli sources told Axios on
October 1 that Iraqi militias may soon attack Israel using ballistic
missiles and drones.[33]
The IRGC has probably shipped some of these missiles and drones in
components to Iraqi militias, allowing the groups to assemble the
systems themselves possibly with Houthi support, as CTP-ISW suggested on
November 5. This collaboration could have also extended into
rudimentary drone production.
Iranian media
claimed that Iran and Pakistan conducted a joint airstrike attack
against Jaish al Adl, a Baloch, Salafi-jihadi militia on November 5.[34]
Jaish al Adl acknowledged that two high-ranking commanders and 12
fighters were killed in what it said was a joint Iranian-Pakistani
airstrike.[35]
The Pakistani officials have not confirmed the joint military action
with Iran, however. The IRGC conducted drone and missile strikes in
January 2024 on two Jaish al Adl headquarters in Koh Sabz, Baluchistan
Province, Pakistan, on January 16 without Pakistan's permission.
Pakistan responded by launching combination of drones, rockets, and
air-launched standoff munitions targeting Baloch separatists in three
locations near Saravan, Iran, on January 17.[36]
Iranian Foreign Affairs Minister Abbas Araghchi visited Pakistan on
November 4 to meet with high-ranking Pakistani officials. Araghchi's
trip likely aimed, in part, to express Iran's concerns regarding border
security.[37]
Key Takeaways:
- Iranian-backed Iraqi Militias: Iranian-backed
Iraqi militia Harakat Hezbollah al Nujaba threatened to target US bases
in Iraq and Syria on November 4, likely to compel the US to prevent
potential Israeli strikes in Iraq. The Biden
Administration has conveyed to the Iraqi government that the United
States will not be able to prevent an Israeli strike in Iraq if Iran
attacks Israel from Iraqi territory.
- Iran in Iraq: The
IRGC is reportedly transferring ballistic missiles and drones and
planning a joint attack with Iranian-backed Iraqi militias against
Israel, further suggesting Iran will retaliate for Israel’s October 25
strikes in Iran from Iraqi territory.
- Hezbollah: Hezbollah
Secretary General Naim Qassem claimed that Hezbollah would outlast
Israel in a “war of attrition” in a speech on November 6. Qassem did not
tie a Lebanon ceasefire to Israeli actions in the Gaza Strip, a notable
shift from Nasrallah’s position before the ground operation.
- Israeli Ground Operations in Lebanon: IDF
Chief of Staff Lieutenant General Herzi Halevi said on November 6 that
the IDF will prepare plans to expand military operations in Lebanon.
- Anti-Regime Militancy in Iran: Iranian
media claimed that Iran and Pakistan conducted a joint airstrike attack
against Jaish al Adl, a Baloch, Salafi-jihadi militia on November 5.
Gaza Strip
Axis of Resistance objectives:
The IDF expanded clearing operations west of Beit Lahiya in the northern Gaza Strip on November 6. Commercially
available satellite imagery published on November 6 indicates that the
IDF conducted clearing operations in al Salateen neighborhood, which is
located along the coastline west of Beit Lahiya. The IDF reportedly
ordered Gazans to evacuate Beit Lahiya amid ongoing Israeli clearing
operations in the area.[38] A Palestinian journalist reported that an IDF airstrike in Beit Lahiya on November 6 killed 15 Palestinian civilians.[39] Palestinian militias conducted at least three attacks targeting Israeli forces west of the Jabalia refugee camp on November 6.[40]
The IDF redeployed the IDF 99th Division to the Netzarim Corridor on November 6.[41] The IDF 99th Division replaced the IDF 252nd Division that has been in the Netzarim Corridor since late July 2024.[42]
The IDF 252nd Division killed hundreds of Palestinian fighters and
demolished ten kilometers of Hamas tunnel systems during its
three-month-long deployment.[43]
The IDF 252nd Division conducted clearing operations during its
deployment that marginally expanded the IDF’s presence north and south
of the Netzarim Corridor.
The IDF continued destroying Palestinian militia infrastructure in the central Gaza Strip on November 6. A Palestinian journalist reported gunfire from Israeli vehicles around Nuseirat and Bureij refugee camps.[44] The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) fired rockets targeting an IDF position in the central Gaza Strip.[45]
Gazans
continued to protest price gouging of humanitarian aid and goods in the
central Gaza Strip for the third consecutive day on November 6.[46]
The protests expanded into the Maghazi and Nuseirat refugee camps in
the central Gaza Strip, according to a Palestinian journalist. Local
shop owners in Nuseirat called on local businesses to go on strike on
November 7 to protest the price gouging.[47]
A Palestinian journalist posted a video showing several dozens of
Gazans protesting the price gouging of humanitarian aid and goods in the
central Gaza Strip.[48]
These protests suggest that some Gazans are no longer afraid of Hamas’
internal security apparatus and are willing to break previous taboos by
protesting, given that these protests are taking place in areas that
the IDF has never fully cleared of Hamas in the central Gaza Strip where
Hamas remains active.[49]
The World Health Organization (WHO) concluded the final phase of the polio vaccination campaign in the Gaza Strip on November 6.[50]
The WHO confirmed that international aid organizations administered the
second round of polio vaccines to approximately 94 percent of the
target population across the Gaza Strip. Aid organizations resumed the
third and final phase of administering polio vaccinations on November 1
after a one-week delay due to the ongoing Israeli clearing operations in
the northern Gaza Strip.[51]
The polio vaccination campaign began in September 2024 following the
implementation of a temporary humanitarian pause in the Gaza Strip.[52]
Israeli
Defense Minister Yoav Gallant delivered a final address to Israeli
citizens several hours after Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu
dismissed him from his position on November 5.[53]
Gallant outlined the “disagreements” that he had with Netanyahu that
led to his dismissal, including his belief that Israel has a “moral
obligation and responsibility” to return the Israeli hostages held by
Hamas “as quickly as possible.”[54]
Gallant said that freeing the hostages is “achievable” but will require
“painful compromises that Israel can bear and the IDF can deal with.”[55] Gallant also noted that Netanyahu dismissed him due to his view that all Israelis of conscription age must serve in the IDF.[56]
Gallant had approved plans prior to his dismissal on November 5 to
issue draft orders to 7,000 members of Israel’s ultra-Orthodox
community.[57]
Ultra-orthodox Israelis have historically been exempted from mandatory
IDF service, though this cut-out has come under fire in recent years.[58]
Gallant took responsibility for the Israeli security establishment's
“successes and failures” over the past two years and said that Israel’s
security remains the “mission of [his] life.”[59]
West Bank
Axis of Resistance objectives:
A
Palestinian man attempted to conduct a car ramming and stabbing attack
at a bus stop near the Israeli settlement of Shilo in the West Bank on
November 6.[60] The man injured two Israeli civilians at the bus stop before the IDF shot him.[61] No militia has claimed responsibility for the attack at the time of this writing.
Israeli forces continued large-scale counterterrorism operations in the northern West Bank on November 6.[62] The IDF killed at least two Palestinian fighters in an airstrike in an unspecified area in the West Bank.[63]
The IDF arrested an unspecified number of individuals and destroyed an
explosives laboratory in the northern West Bank. The IDF killed two
fighters in Qabatiya, Jenin Governorate, who attempted to conduct a car
ramming attack targeting IDF soldiers.[64]
Several Palestinian militias, including PIJ, Al Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades,
and the Mujahideen Brigades, fired small arms and detonated improvised
explosive devices (IED) targeting Israeli forces operating in Jenin
Governorate on November 6.[65]
The northern West Bank has long been a hotspot for Palestinian
militancy, and Israeli forces focused counterterrorism efforts in the
northern West Bank in late Summer and Fall 2024.
The Wall Street Journal reported on November 5 that the West Bank is on the “edge of economic collapse.”[66] The Wall Street Journal reported that unemployment in the West Bank was around 31 percent between April and June 2024.
The report noted that Israel has canceled over 100,000 work permits for
Palestinians to work in Israel since October 2023. The Wall Street Journal,
citing Palestinian officials and economic analyses, reported that every
major economic sector in the West Bank has shrunk since the start of
the October 7 War. The report added that the Palestinian Authority is
expected to face a nearly $2 billion budget deficit in 2024. This report
follows an Israeli government decision on October 31 to extend a
cooperation waiver between Israeli and Palestinian banks in the West
Bank until November 30.[67]
US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Treasury Secretary Janet
Yellen warned on October 31 that failing to extend the waiver for longer
than a month-by-month basis creates a “looming crisis” in the West
Bank.[68]
Northern Israel and Lebanon
Lebanese Hezbollah objectives:
The IDF Air Force recently killed the commander of a Hezbollah battalion in Khiam.[69] The IDF said
that the commander, Hussein Abdel Halim Harb, was responsible for
launching several attacks on northern Israeli towns, including Metula.[70]
Geolocated footage posted on November 6 showed the IDF 8th Armored
Brigade (res.) (91st Division) operating in Khiam in recent days.[71]
The IDF said that the 8th Armored Brigade (res.) directed several
airstrikes targeting other Hezbollah leaders and raided the “central
headquarters” for Hezbollah fighters in the area.[72]
Israeli forces also destroyed firing points aimed toward northern
Israeli towns and located and destroyed weapons, including Kornet
missiles, grenades, and explosives.[73] Hezbollah-affiliated media reported on November 4 that the IDF had withdrawn from Khiam.[74]
Hezbollah fired rockets targeting Israeli forces between Kfar Kila, Lebanon, and Metula, Israel, on November 6.[75] Lebanese
media reported that Israeli forces conducted clearing operations in
Kfar Kila on November 5 amid “heavy” artillery shelling in the area.[76]
The IDF 36th Division continued operations in southeastern Lebanon. Geolocated footage posted on November 5 showed the IDF 36th Division operating in western Houla.[77]
Israeli forces directed several airstrikes targeting Hezbollah
fighters, including a cell of fighters that fired rockets toward
northern Israel on November 5.[78]
Hezbollah fired rockets and drones at Israeli forces on the eastern outskirts of Maroun al Ras on November 5 and 6.[79]
Israeli forces continued operations in southwestern Lebanon near Alma al Shaab. Geolocated footage posted on November 5 showed Israeli forces clearing a building southwest of Alma al Shaab.[80]
Lebanese sources reported artillery shelling and bursts of small arms
fire on the eastern outskirts of Alma al Shaab on November 6.[81]
The IDF continued its air campaign targeting Hezbollah capabilities and infrastructure on November 6. The
IDF Air Force struck dozens of Hezbollah targets across Lebanon in the
past day, including weapons depots, launch pads, fighters, military
buildings, and other infrastructure.[82]
The
IDF struck Hezbollah headquarters, weapons warehouses, and military
infrastructure in Beirut’s southern suburbs for the first time since
November 1.[83]
The Hezbollah Beirut regional command is responsible for this area. The
airstrikes in Beirut’s southern suburbs are part of the IDF’s ongoing
effort to damage Hezbollah infrastructure in the Beirut area.[84]
The IDF Arabic-language spokesperson issued evacuation notices to the
residents of Laylaki, Haret Hreik, and Burj al Barajneh in Beirut’s
southern suburbs before conducting airstrikes in the area.[85]
The IDF Air Force conducted numerous strikes targeting Hezbollah sites north of the Litani River. The IDF struck numerous towns in the Baalbek region, eastern Lebanon.[86] The Baalbek-Hermel governor reported that six airstrikes killed at least 38 people.[87] Lebanon’s Civil Defense Service stated that search efforts for survivors and the deceased are ongoing.[88] The IDF also struck several towns near Nabatieh, southern Lebanon.[89]
The IDF Arabic-language spokesperson issued evacuation notices to
residents in the Nabatieh area to evacuate away from four identified
buildings before conducting airstrikes there.[90]
This
map illustrates individual Israeli air and artillery strikes based on
local Lebanese reporting. This map depicts strikes reported from 2:00pm
ET on November 5 to 2:00pm ET on November 6. This map is not exhaustive.
CTP-ISW cannot independently verify the locations of Israeli strikes.
Hezbollah has conducted at least 24 attacks into Israel since CTP-ISW's last data cutoff on November 5.[91] The IDF said that Hezbollah fired at least 120 rockets into Israel from Lebanon on November 6.[92] A Hezbollah rocket struck an open area at Ben Gurion Airport.[93] Hezbollah said that it was targeting an IDF base near the airport.[94] Hezbollah rockets also struck a parked car in Ra'anana, central Israel.[95] Hezbollah continued to target Israeli military-industrial sites north of Haifa.[96]
Hezbollah also targeted the IDF 91st Division and 188th Armored Brigade
headquarters with one-way attack drones and rocket fire.[97]
The 91st Division is currently operating in southeastern Lebanon.
These attacks are likely part of a broader Hezbollah campaign to target
IDF rear positions in northern Israel and “support lines” as part of its
defense against Israel’s ground operation in southern Lebanon, though
this effort has proved unsuccessful so far[98][99]
Hezbollah Secretary General Naim Qassem said on November 6 that
Hezbollah would escalate attacks on Israeli forces in the coming days to
cause “pain” in Israel.[100]
Iran and the Axis of Resistance
The
Islamic Resistance in Iraq—a coalition of Iranian-backed Iraqi
militias—has claimed five attacks targeting Israel since CTP-ISW's last
data cutoff on November 5. The claims include the following:
The
Iranian Foreign Affairs Minister’s Special Envoy to West Asia, Mohammad
Reza Sheibani, met with Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati in Beirut
on November 5.[109] Sheibani
emphasized the importance of national unity and internal cohesion in
Lebanon while reiterating Iran's readiness to send humanitarian aid to
Lebanon.[110]
Iranian Foreign Affairs Minister Abbas Araghchi appointed Sheibani as
his special envoy to West Asia on October 1, the same day that the IDF
launched its ground campaign into Lebanon.[111]
Iran and Belarus are expanding defense and military cooperation. The
Head of the Belarusian Defense Ministry’s Department of International
Military Cooperation, Major General Valery Revenko, led a Belarusian
Army delegation to the Iranian Artesh Command and General Staff
University in Tehran on November 6.[112] This
visit is part of ongoing cooperation between Belarus and the Artesh.
The Belarusian Air Force and Air Defense Force commander recently met
with the commanders of the Artesh, Artesh Air Force, and Artesh Air
Defense Force in Tehran in August 2024.[113]
Russian state media also announced in August 2024 that Iran and Belarus
will hold a combined military exercise, but did not specify when the
exercise will take place.[114]
The
Iranian Judiciary sentenced three "Israeli spies" in West Azerbaijan
Province, Iran, to death on November 5 due to their alleged involvement
in the assassination of Iranian nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh in
November 2020.[115] The Judiciary accused the individuals of transporting unspecified equipment into Iran that Israel used to kill Fakhrizadeh.
The
value of the Iranian rial reached a near record-low level on November 5
amid indications that former US President Donald Trump was slated to
win the 2024 US presidential election.[116]
The value of the Iranian rial dropped to 703,000 rials to one US
dollar, nearing its record-low value of 705,000 rials to one US dollar
in April 2024. Trump previously imposed “maximum pressure” sanctions on
Iran between 2018 and 2021, which significantly hurt the Iranian
economy.[117]
The value of the rial likely dropped on November 5 in anticipation that
Trump might impose harsher sanctions on Iran in his second term. The
Iranian economy continues to face numerous challenges, including high
inflation and rising unemployment.
The Iran Update
provides insights into Iranian and Iranian-sponsored activities abroad
that undermine regional stability and threaten US forces and interests.
It also covers events and trends that affect the stability and
decision-making of the Iranian regime. The Critical Threats Project
(CTP) at the American Enterprise Institute and the Institute for the
Study of War (ISW) provides these updates regularly based on regional
events.
CTP-ISW defines the “Axis of Resistance” as the
unconventional alliance that Iran has cultivated in the Middle East
since the Islamic Republic came to power in 1979. This transnational
coalition is comprised of state, semi-state, and non-state actors that
cooperate to secure their collective interests. Tehran considers itself
to be both part of the alliance and its leader. Iran furnishes these
groups with varying levels of financial, military, and political support
in exchange for some degree of influence or control over their actions.
Some are traditional proxies that are highly responsive to Iranian
direction, while others are partners over which Iran exerts more limited
influence. Members of the Axis of Resistance are united by their grand
strategic objectives, which include eroding and eventually expelling
American influence from the Middle East, destroying the Israeli state,
or both. Pursuing these objectives and supporting the Axis of Resistance
to those ends have become cornerstones of Iranian regional strategy.
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[2] www dot almanar.com.lb/12732315
[3] https://www.alahednews dot com.lb/article.php?id=76084&cid=113
[4] https://www.alahednews dot com.lb/article.php?id=76084&cid=113 ; https://almanar dot com.lb/12205250
[5] https://www.alahednews dot com.lb/article.php?id=76084&cid=113
[6] https://www.alahednews dot com.lb/article.php?id=76084&cid=113
[7] https://www.alahednews dot com.lb/article.php?id=76084&cid=113
[8] https://www.alahednews dot com.lb/article.php?id=76084&cid=113
[9] https://www.alahednews dot com.lb/article.php?id=76084&cid=113
[10] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-3-2024
[11] https://isw.pub/IranUpdate103124
[12] www.kan dot org.il/content/kan-news/politic/818729/
[13] https://isw.pub/IranUpdate103124
[14] https://www.alahednews dot com.lb/article.php?id=76084&cid=113
[15] https://www.alahednews dot com.lb/article.php?id=76084&cid=113
[16]
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[17] https://www.alahednews dot com.lb/article.php?id=76084&cid=113
[18] https://www dot israelhayom.com/2024/11/04/idf-considers-forming-anti-tank-units-using-captured-hezbollah-weapons/
[19] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-2-2024 ; https://isw.pub/IranUpdate103024
[20] https://www.alahednews dot com.lb/article.php?id=76084&cid=113
[21] https://x.com/manniefabian/status/1852774312195117223
[22]
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[23]
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[24] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1854202026458325272
[25] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1854202026458325272
[26] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1854202026458325272
[27] https://www.newsweek.com/exclusiveiraq-militia-vows-strike-us-bases-if-airspace-used-hit-iran-1979997
[28] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-october-26-2024
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[30] https://www.axios.com/2024/11/05/us-iraq-iran-israel-attack-warning
[31] https://www.axios.com/2024/11/05/us-iraq-iran-israel-attack-warning ;
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[33] https://www.axios.com/2024/10/31/israel-iran-planning-attack-iraq
[34] https://defapress dot ir/fa/news/703914
[35]
SITE Intelligence Group, “Jaysh al-Adl Acknowledges Losses in Joint
Iranian-Pakistani Airstrike in Saravan Border Area,” November 05, 2024,
available by subscription at www.siteintelgroup.com. ;
https://defapress dot ir/fa/news/703914
[36] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-january-18-2024
[37] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-5-2024
[38] https://t.me/hamza20300/308689
[39] https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1854100119735431538
[40] https://t.me/sarayaps/18782 ; https://t.me/elaqsa_1965/7830 ; https://t.me/hamza20300/308785
[41] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1854192139288400192
[42] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1854192139288400192 ; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-july-27-2024
[43] https://x.com/manniefabian/status/1854192010564870281
[44] https://t.me/hamza20300/308791
[45] https://t.me/kataebabuali/10991
[46] https://t.me/hamza20300/308748 ; https://t.me/hamza20300/308745
[47] https://t.me/hamza20300/308748
[48] https://t.me/hamza20300/308745
[49] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-5-2024
[50] https://www.who.int/news/item/06-11-2024-second-round-of-polio-campaign-in-gaza-completed-amid-ongoing-conflict-and-attacks--unicef-and-who#:~:text=The%20polio%20campaign%2C%20being%20conducted,efforts%20to%20stop%20a%20polio
[51] https://www.who.int/news/item/01-11-2024-polio-vaccination-campaign-to-resume-in-northern-gaza
[52] https://www.who.int/news/item/06-11-2024-second-round-of-polio-campaign-in-gaza-completed-amid-ongoing-conflict-and-attacks--unicef-and-who#:~:text=The%20polio%20campaign%2C%20being%20conducted,efforts%20to%20stop%20a%20polio ; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-august-29-2024
[53]
www.timesofisrael dot
com/full-text-of-gallant-speech-there-will-be-no-atonement-for-abandoning-the-hostages/;
https://x.com/netanyahu/status/1853862594958024775
[54] www.timesofisrael dot com/full-text-of-gallant-speech-there-will-be-no-atonement-for-abandoning-the-hostages/)
[55] www.timesofisrael dot com/full-text-of-gallant-speech-there-will-be-no-atonement-for-abandoning-the-hostages/)
[56] www.timesofisrael dot com/full-text-of-gallant-speech-there-will-be-no-atonement-for-abandoning-the-hostages/
[57] https://t.me/moriahdoron/16205
[58] https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/25/middleeast/israel-orthodox-military-high-court-intl/index.html
[59] www.timesofisrael dot com/full-text-of-gallant-speech-there-will-be-no-atonement-for-abandoning-the-hostages/
[60] https://x.com/GLZRadio/status/1854152508844966396 ; https://www.jpost dot com/breaking-news/article-827839
[61] https://x.com/GLZRadio/status/1854140958616535123
[62] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1854052639849472309
[63] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1854052652792869264
[64] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1854052657263980725
[65] https://t.me/elaqsa_1965/7828 ; https://t.me/khalaya_almujahidin/14978 ; https://t.me/elaqsa_1965/7829
[66] https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/the-west-bank-is-on-the-edge-of-economic-collapse-e713f523
[67] https://www.reuters.com/world/us-urges-israel-extend-waiver-co-operation-with-palestinian-banks-2024-11-01/
[68] https://www.reuters.com/world/us-urges-israel-extend-waiver-co-operation-with-palestinian-banks-2024-11-01/
[69] https://x.com/AvichayAdraee/status/1854053442534175123
[70] https://x.com/AvichayAdraee/status/1854053442534175123
[71] https://x.com/Me1Ray/status/1854124982273806767; https://x.com/kann_news/status/1854120434750443980
[72] www dot idf.il/245553
[73] www dot idf.il/245553
[74] https://t.me/alichoeib1970/11788
[75] https://t.me/mmirleb/8770
[76] https://t.me/channelnabatieh/99640
[77] https://x.com/Me1Ray/status/1853891403165900813; https://x.com/idfonline/status/1853678018763337886
[78] https://x.com/AvichayAdraee/status/1854053442534175123
[79] https://t.me/mmirleb/8762; https://t.me/mmirleb/8734
[80] https://x.com/MarioLeb79/status/1853803243794538730
[81] https://t.me/alichoeib1970/11825; https://t.me/channelnabatieh/99807
[82] https://x.com/AvichayAdraee/status/1854053442534175123
[83] https://x.com/AvichayAdraee/status/1854205865890386222; https://x.com/idfonline/status/1854202066626887683 ; https://x.com/Lebanon24/status/1854169232189051088 ; https://x.com/idfonline/status/1852284521988710504; https://x.com/AvichayAdraee/status/1852290874778014087
[84] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1852284537293668429 ; https://x.com/AvichayAdraee/status/1852290874778014087
[85] https://x.com/AvichayAdraee/status/1854147100365197531; https://x.com/AvichayAdraee/status/1854147551366115579
[86] https://t.me/channelnabatieh/100038; https://t.me/channelnabatieh/100047
[87] https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanese-rescuers-scour-site-israeli-strike-south-beirut-that-killed-20-2024-11-06
[88] https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-hezbollah-mideast-latest-6-november-2024-64bae4547ba0dca7042cf87d32e55cc1
[89] https://t.me/channelnabatieh/100088;
https://t.me/channelnabatieh/100077; https://t.me/bintjbeilnews/118618;
https://t.me/bintjbeilnews/118564
[90] https://x.com/AvichayAdraee/status/1854068964038529366
[91]
https://t.me/mmirleb/8741 ; https://t.me/mmirleb/8742 ;
https://t.me/mmirleb/8743 ; https://t.me/mmirleb/8744 ;
https://t.me/mmirleb/8745 ; https://t.me/mmirleb/8746 ;
https://t.me/mmirleb/8747 ;https://t.me/mmirleb/8748 ;
https://t.me/mmirleb/8752 ; https://t.me/mmirleb/8753 ;
https://t.me/mmirleb/8754 ; https://t.me/mmirleb/8755 ;
https://t.me/mmirleb/8756 ; https://t.me/mmirleb/8757 ;
https://t.me/mmirleb/8758 ; https://t.me/mmirleb/8759 ;
https://t.me/mmirleb/8760 ; https://t.me/mmirleb/8761 ;
https://t.me/mmirleb/8763; https://t.me/mmirleb/8766 ;
https://t.me/mmirleb/8767 ; https://t.me/mmirleb/8778 ;
https://t.me/mmirleb/8779 ; https://t.me/mmirleb/8780
[92] https://x.com/manniefabian/status/1854164304779501641 ; https://x.com/N12News/status/1854160938087199148
[93] https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/missile-from-lebanon-hits-israels-main-airport-a140e8ee?mod=middle-east_news_article_pos1
[94] https://t.me/mmirleb/8747
[95] https://x.com/manniefabian/status/1854097998264914222 ; https://x.com/GLZRadio/status/1854099423472537634
[96] https://t.me/mmirleb/8767
[97] https://t.me/mmirleb/8748 ; https://t.me/mmirleb/8744
[99] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-october-14-2024
[100] https://www.alahednews dot com.lb/article.php?id=76084&cid=113
[101] https://t.me/ElamAlmoqawama/1468
[102] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1853903262216311029
[103] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1853903262216311029
[104] https://t.me/ElamAlmoqawama/1470
[105] https://t.me/ElamAlmoqawama/1471
[106] https://t.me/ElamAlmoqawama/1471
[107] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1854129631323984377
[108] https://t.me/ElamAlmoqawama/1475
[109] https://www.mehrnews dot com/news/6280272
[110] https://www.mehrnews dot com/news/6280272
[111] https://iranpress dot com/iranian-foreign-minister-appoints-special-envoy-west-asia--sends-to-lebanon
[112] https://www.mehrnews dot com/news/6280330
[113] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-august-9-2024 ;
https://defapress dot ir/fa/news/683452 ;
https://eng.belta dot by/partner_news/view/belarus-air-force-chief-meets-iranian-commanders-to-discuss-defense-ties-160327-2024/
[114] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-august-20-2024 ;
https://bel.sputnik dot by/20240820/belarus--ran-pravyaduts-sumesnyya-vuchenn-1088891672.html
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https://farsnews dot
ir/Rahgozar_b/1730801716373949842/3-Israeli-Spies-Involved-in-Assassinating-Iranian-Nuclear-Scientists-Sentenced-to-Death
[116] https://apnews.com/article/iran-us-election-rial-currency-falls-b9cd891cfb864f51c5c3f2a7735804fc
[117] https://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2021/mar/03/sanctions-5-trumps-maximum-pressure-targets ; https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-48119109
