Angelica Evans, Christina Harward, Nicole Wolkov, Kateryna Stepanenko, and George Barros
Key Takeaways:
- The Russian military reportedly redeployed a battalion of the 76th Airborne (VDV) Division to Kursk Oblast as part of a larger ongoing Russian effort to gather an operationally significant force for a possible future Russian offensive operation against northeastern Ukraine and Kharkiv City.
- The Russian military is reportedly preparing and forming the Northern Grouping of Forces from elements of the Leningrad Military District (LMD) to primarily operate in the Belgorod-Kharkiv operational direction.
- US officials continue to signal their support for new Ukrainian counteroffensive operations in 2025, although ISW continues to assess that Ukraine should contest the theater-wide initiative as soon as possible because ceding the theater-wide initiative to Russia for the entirety of 2024 will present Russia with several benefits.
- European intelligence agencies reportedly warned their governments that Russia is planning to conduct “violent acts of sabotage” across Europe as part of a “more aggressive and concerted effort” against the West.
- The Kremlin-controlled Russian Orthodox Church Moscow Patriarchate (ROC MP) seized on the Orthodox Easter holiday on May 5 to further its efforts to garner domestic support for the Kremlin’s war in Ukraine.
- Russian forces recently advanced near Kupyansk and Robotyne.
- Bureaucratic issues continue to constrain frontline Russian units’ ability to conduct strikes on Ukrainian targets.
- Russian Main Effort – Eastern Ukraine (comprised of two subordinate main efforts)
- Russian Subordinate Main Effort #1 – Capture the remainder of Luhansk Oblast and push westward into eastern Kharkiv Oblast and encircle northern Donetsk Oblast
- Russian Subordinate Main Effort #2 – Capture the entirety of Donetsk Oblast
- Russian Supporting Effort – Southern Axis
- Russian Air, Missile, and Drone Campaign
- Russian Mobilization and Force Generation Efforts
- Russian Technological Adaptations
- Activities in Russian-occupied areas
- Ukrainian Defense Industrial Base Efforts
- Russian Information Operations and Narratives
- Significant Activity in Belarus
Russian Subordinate Main Effort #1 – Luhansk Oblast (Russian objective: Capture the remainder of Luhansk Oblast and push westward into eastern Kharkiv Oblast and northern Donetsk Oblast)
Russian forces recently seized Kotlyarivka (southeast of Kupyansk) no later than May 4 and made other confirmed advances along the Kupyansk-Svatove-Kreminna amid continued Russian attacks in the area on May 5. Geolocated footage published on May 4 indicates that Russian forces advanced in western Kotlyarivka (southeast of Kupyansk) and south of Novoselivske (northwest of Svatove).[32] Russian milbloggers continued to credit elements of the Russian 272nd Motorized Rifle Brigade (47th Tank Division, 1st Guards Tank Army, Moscow Military District) for seizing all of Kotlyarivka.[33] Russian forces conducted attacks northeast of Kupyansk near Synkivka; southeast of Kupyansk near Pishchane and Kyslivka; northwest of Svatove near Berestove and Stelmakhivka; northwest of Kreminna near Novosadove; west of Kreminna near Torske and Terny; southwest of Kreminna near Serebyranske forest area; and south of Kreminna near Hryhorivka and Bilohorivka.[34]
Russian forces continued offensive operations in the Chasiv Yar direction on May 5 but did not make confirmed territorial gains. A Russian milblogger claimed that Russian Airborne (VDV) Forces advanced in the direction of the dacha area north of the Kanal Microraion (easternmost Chasiv Yar) and drove Ukrainian forces to the southern outskirts of the microraion, although ISW had not observed visual evidence confirming this claim.[36] The milblogger added that Ukrainian forces counterattacked on the northern and western administrative boundaries of Bohdanivka (northeast of Chasiv Yar) and that Russian forces are continuing to consolidate their positions in the Stupky-Holubovski 2 nature reserve (south of the Kanal Microraion).[37] Russian and Ukrainian forces also continued to fight near Chasiv Yar, specifically near the Kanal Microraion and the Novyi Microraion (southeastern Chasiv Yar); east of Chasiv Yar near Ivanivske; and southeast of Chasiv Yar near Klishchiivka and Andriivka.[38] Social media sources amplified footage of a destroyed bridge over the Siversky-Donets Donbas Canal purportedly near the Kanal Microraion, but it is unclear whether Ukrainian or Russian forces destroyed the bridge.[39] Some Russian milbloggers claimed that Russian forces destroyed the bridge after Ukrainian forces attempted to rebuild it following a previous Russian strike on an unspecified date.[40] Ukrainian Khortytsia Group of Forces Spokesperson Lieutenant Colonel Nazar Voloshyn stated that Russian forces have concentrated 20,000 to 25,000 personnel in the Chasiv Yar direction.[41] Drone operators of the Russian 58th Separate Spetsnaz Battalion (1st Donetsk People’s Republic [DNR] Army Corps [AC]) are reportedly supporting Russian assaults near Chasiv Yar.[42]
The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) announced on May 5 that Russian forces seized Ocheretyne (northwest of Avdiivka).[43] Ukrainian National Guard Captain Volodymyr Cherniak stated that Russian brigades bypassed new Ukrainian defenses in Ocheretyne and were able to form a small salient because Ukrainian forces lacked engineering personnel to construct defensive positions quickly in response to Russian advances.[44] Cherniak stated that Russian forces are advancing slowly but noted that even gradual Russian advances are difficult to defend against because costly Russian “meat assaults” are “simple, bloody, inhuman, and effective.” Russian forces continued offensive operations northeast of Ocheretyne near Arkhanhelske; east of Ocheretyne near Novokalynove; northwest of Ocheretyne near Novooleksandrivka; south of Ocheretyne near Berdychi and Semenivka; and southwest of Ocheretyne near Novopokrovske, Sokil, and Solovyove.[45] Elements of the Russian “Lavina” Battalion of the 132nd Motorized Rifle Brigade (1st DNR AC) reportedly continue to operate in the Arkhanhelske area after seizing Arkhanhelske no later than May 4.[46]
Russian forces continued offensive operations west and southwest of Donetsk City on May 5 but did not make any confirmed advances. A Russian milblogger claimed that Russian forces made marginal gains east of Krasnohorivka (west of Donetsk City) and in eastern Paraskoviivka (southwest of Donetsk City).[51] Russian forces also attacked west of Donetsk City near Novomykhailivka and Heorhiivka and southwest of Donetsk City near Kostyantynivka and Vodyane.[52] Elements of the Russian 39th Motorized Rifle Brigade (68th AC, Eastern Military District [EMD]) are reportedly operating near Novomykhailivka.[53]
Russian forces reportedly advanced in the Donetsk-Zaporizhia Oblast border area, but there were no confirmed changes to this area of the frontline on May 5. A Russian milblogger claimed on May 4 that Russian forces advanced up to 500 meters near Novomayorske (southeast of Velyka Novosilka), although ISW has not observed visual evidence of this claim.[54] Positional engagements continued south of Velyka Novosilka near Staromayorske and Urozhaine and southwest of Velyka Novosilka near Novopil and Novodarivka.[55] Elements of the Russian 305th Artillery Brigade (5th CAA, EMD) are reportedly operating near Staromayorske, and elements of the 43rd Spetsnaz Company reportedly continue operating near Vuhledar.[56]
Russian forces recently advanced in Robotyne amid continued positional engagements in western Zaporizhia Oblast on May 5. Geolocated footage published on May 4 indicates that Russian forces recently advanced in southern Robotyne.[57] Positional engagements continued near Robotyne and Verbove (east of Robotyne).[58] Elements of the Russian 70th Motorized Rifle Regiment (42nd Motorized Rifle Division, 58th Combined Arms Army [CAA], Southern Military District [SMD]) are using motorcycles in assaults near Robotyne.[59] Elements of the Russian 56th and 108th airborne (VDV) regiments (both part of the 7th VDV Division) are reportedly operating near Robotyne.[60]
Ukrainian forces recently expanded their positions in the east (left) bank of Kherson Oblast amid continued positional engagements in the area on May 5. Geolocated footage published on May 4 indicates that Ukrainian forces expanded their positions in Krynky.[61] Ukrainian Southern Operational Command Spokesperson Captain Third Rank Dmytro Pletenchuk stated that Russian forces conducted several unsuccessful assaults near Nestryha Island in the Dnipro River Delta.[62] Drone operators of the Russian “Margelov” Volunteer Battalion reportedly continue operating in Kherson Oblast.[63]
[1] https://t.me/zvizdecmanhustu/1836
[2] https://t.me/zvizdecmanhustu/1836
[3] https://t.me/vdv_za_chestnost_spravedlivost/2317; https://t.me/zvizdecmanhustu/1836
[4] https://cdsdailybrief dot substack.com/p/russias-war-on-ukraine-07102023; https://t.me/zvizdecmanhustu/1836; https://www.facebook.com/pashtetof/posts/pfbid02Sf1bkE8hPspK7J1MTqrYS4MY7sMCm3Tz74YT2d852e3YnEPkVJXukKHkJJhAxRqsl; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-21-2024 ; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-february-29-2024
[5] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-21-2024 ; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-february-29-2024
[6] https://t.me/zvizdecmanhustu/1836; https://www.facebook.com/pashtetof/posts/pfbid02Sf1bkE8hPspK7J1MTqrYS4MY7sMCm3Tz74YT2d852e3YnEPkVJXukKHkJJhAxRqsl; https://isw.pub/UkrWar050124
[7] https://t.me/zvizdecmanhustu/1837 ; https://www.facebook.com/pashtetof/posts/pfbid02Sf1bkE8hPspK7J1MTqrYS4MY7sMCm3Tz74YT2d852e3YnEPkVJXukKHkJJhAxRqsl
[8] https://t.me/zvizdecmanhustu/1838 ; https://www.facebook.com/pashtetof/posts/pfbid02Sf1bkE8hPspK7J1MTqrYS4MY7sMCm3Tz74YT2d852e3YnEPkVJXukKHkJJhAxRqsl
[9] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-may-2-2024 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar050324 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar042824 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar042224 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar042024 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar041924 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar032224 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar041024
[10] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-may-2-2024 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar050324 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar042824 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar042224 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar042024 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar041924 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar032224 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar041024
[11] https://www.ft.com/content/6fd11006-01db-4548-96d6-76343f38aea8
[12] https://isw.pub/UkrWar050324 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar042624 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar042124
[13] https://isw.pub/UkrWar011924
[14] https://isw.pub/UkrWar011924 ; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-february-26-2024 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar032224 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar030624 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar022324
[15] https://t.me/dva_majors/41605
[16] https://isw.pub/UkrWar042624
[17] https://www.ft.com/content/c88509f9-c9bd-46f4-8a5c-9b2bdd3c3dd3
[18] https://isw.pub/UkrWar050324
[19] https://www.ft.com/content/c88509f9-c9bd-46f4-8a5c-9b2bdd3c3dd3
[20] https://isw.pub/UkrWar050324 ; https://www.ft.com/content/f8207823-f5e1-4caf-934d-67c648f807bf
[21] https://www.dw dot com/en/germany-fire-breaks-out-at-berlin-metal-factory/a-68992842 ; https://t.me/RVvoenkor/67332 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/17417 ; https://t.me/z_arhiv/26680 ; https://t.me/rybar/59739 ; https://t.me/sashakots/46459
[22] https://tass dot ru/obschestvo/20714273
[23] https://tass dot ru/obschestvo/20714629
[24] http://kremlin dot ru/events/president/news/73972
[25] https://t.me/mozhemobyasnit/17886
[26] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-april-9-2023
[27] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-april-9-2024 ; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-october-12-2023 ; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-october-12-2023 ; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-april-9-2023
[28] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-31-2024
[29] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-orthodox-church-declares-%E2%80%9Choly-war%E2%80%9D-against-ukraine-and-articulates-tenets
[30] https://iz dot ru/1691477/gennadii-askaldovich/instrument-ili-orientir
[31] https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-april-29-2023; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-april-9-2023
[32] https://t.me/oaembr77/365; https://t.me/WarArchive_ua/14531 ; https://t.me/creamy_caprice/5388; https://t.me/nebesnamara/63
[33] https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/10355 ; https://t.me/z_arhiv/26697 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/19731 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/41601; https://t.me/voin_dv/8304 ; https://t.me/milinfolive/121505 ; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/122568 ; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/122572
[34] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0R7MHw4PtdmBwukTS1WDZWCzr1orMj2rHWvg9rAQHfEUDv5EsWqEMVrLHy4e3a11ql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0p8LMuEdqBozrL26q49phR6gVDmuDPuJZmLLbJVgwzPYd7fuzeD9kjTGSCwg8dRnel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02temMK2N6dNYxNyPRqc9ESp624UVUBrJAGD1ja6UNydMYgJHgMQXtuvfam4TQJyxSl ; https://t.me/mod_russia/38284 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/38282 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/41599 ; https://t.me/rybar/59786
[35] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0R7MHw4PtdmBwukTS1WDZWCzr1orMj2rHWvg9rAQHfEUDv5EsWqEMVrLHy4e3a11ql; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0p8LMuEdqBozrL26q49phR6gVDmuDPuJZmLLbJVgwzPYd7fuzeD9kjTGSCwg8dRnel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02temMK2N6dNYxNyPRqc9ESp624UVUBrJAGD1ja6UNydMYgJHgMQXtuvfam4TQJyxSl
[36] https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/10360
[37] https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/10360; ttps://t.me/rybar/59779
[38] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0R7MHw4PtdmBwukTS1WDZWCzr1orMj2rHWvg9rAQHfEUDv5EsWqEMVrLHy4e3a11ql; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0p8LMuEdqBozrL26q49phR6gVDmuDPuJZmLLbJVgwzPYd7fuzeD9kjTGSCwg8dRnel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02temMK2N6dNYxNyPRqc9ESp624UVUBrJAGD1ja6UNydMYgJHgMQXtuvfam4TQJyxSl; https://t.me/rybar/59779; https://t.me/dva_majors/41599 ; https://t.me/rybar/59786; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/10360; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/122579
[39] https://t.me/motopatriot/22559 ; https://t.me/vdd98/3350 ; https://t.me/motopatriot/22561 ; https://t.me/motopatriot/22562 ; https://t.me/prigozhin_2023_tg/10801; https://t.me/itsdonetsk/157959 ; https://x.com/666_mancer/status/1787002452514095525
[40] https://t.me/prigozhin_2023_tg/10801; https://t.me/motopatriot/22562; https://t.me/motopatriot/22561
[41] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2024/05/05/na-shidnomu-napryamku-vorog-aktyvno-zastosovuye-aviacziyu-i-namagayetsya-perehopyty-strategichnu-inicziatyvu/
[42] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/67451
[43] https://t.me/mod_russia/38284
[44] https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/04/putin-on-our-doorstep-ukrainians-watch-as-the-frontline-edges-closer
[45] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0R7MHw4PtdmBwukTS1WDZWCzr1orMj2rHWvg9rAQHfEUDv5EsWqEMVrLHy4e3a11ql; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0p8LMuEdqBozrL26q49phR6gVDmuDPuJZmLLbJVgwzPYd7fuzeD9kjTGSCwg8dRnel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02temMK2N6dNYxNyPRqc9ESp624UVUBrJAGD1ja6UNydMYgJHgMQXtuvfam4TQJyxSl; https://t.me/rybar/59779 ; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/10358 ; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/122575; https://t.me/wargonzo/19722 ; https://t.me/milinfolive/121567; https://t.me/z_arhiv/26703; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/122568; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/122603 ; https://t.me/NeoficialniyBeZsonoV/35639; https://t.me/motopatriot/22582; https://t.me/mod_russia/38284
[46] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/67458 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/19739; https://t.me/wargonzo/19722 ; https://t.me/milinfolive/121567
[47] https://t.me/wargonzo/19731; https://t.me/motopatriot/22549
[48] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0R7MHw4PtdmBwukTS1WDZWCzr1orMj2rHWvg9rAQHfEUDv5EsWqEMVrLHy4e3a11ql; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0p8LMuEdqBozrL26q49phR6gVDmuDPuJZmLLbJVgwzPYd7fuzeD9kjTGSCwg8dRnel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02temMK2N6dNYxNyPRqc9ESp624UVUBrJAGD1ja6UNydMYgJHgMQXtuvfam4TQJyxSl; https://t.me/mod_russia/38284; https://t.me/z_arhiv/26703; https://t.me/wargonzo/19731; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/122603 ; https://t.me/NeoficialniyBeZsonoV/35639
[49] https://t.me/creamy_caprice/5383; https://t.me/dlSVOihdvij/1727
[50] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/67474
[51] https://t.me/boris_rozhin/122572; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/122568
[52] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0R7MHw4PtdmBwukTS1WDZWCzr1orMj2rHWvg9rAQHfEUDv5EsWqEMVrLHy4e3a11ql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0p8LMuEdqBozrL26q49phR6gVDmuDPuJZmLLbJVgwzPYd7fuzeD9kjTGSCwg8dRnel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02temMK2N6dNYxNyPRqc9ESp624UVUBrJAGD1ja6UNydMYgJHgMQXtuvfam4TQJyxSl ; https://t.me/rybar/59779 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/41599 ; https://t.me/rybar/59786 ; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/10348 ; https://t.me/yurasumy/15046 ; https://t.me/rsotmdivision/15890
[53] https://t.me/voin_dv/8300
[54] https://t.me/voin_dv/8301
[55] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0p8LMuEdqBozrL26q49phR6gVDmuDPuJZmLLbJVgwzPYd7fuzeD9kjTGSCwg8dRnel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02temMK2N6dNYxNyPRqc9ESp624UVUBrJAGD1ja6UNydMYgJHgMQXtuvfam4TQJyxSl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0R7MHw4PtdmBwukTS1WDZWCzr1orMj2rHWvg9rAQHfEUDv5EsWqEMVrLHy4e3a11ql ; https://www.facebook.com/OperationalCommandSouth/posts/pfbid0znTraLSDkrkcAVAkmJKjs8QsX18Hr9WW2FE1CtDKucgv5tP17FSYbsTr8EUL5kSzl ; https://t.me/dva_majors/41599 ; https://t.me/rybar/59786
[56] https://t.me/voin_dv/8313 ; https://t.me/vrogov/15574
[57] https://t.me/creamy_caprice/5379; https://t.me/RVvoenkor/67430
[58] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0R7MHw4PtdmBwukTS1WDZWCzr1orMj2rHWvg9rAQHfEUDv5EsWqEMVrLHy4e3a11ql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0p8LMuEdqBozrL26q49phR6gVDmuDPuJZmLLbJVgwzPYd7fuzeD9kjTGSCwg8dRnel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02temMK2N6dNYxNyPRqc9ESp624UVUBrJAGD1ja6UNydMYgJHgMQXtuvfam4TQJyxSl ; https://t.me/mod_russia/38285 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/41599 ; https://t.me/rybar/59786 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/19731 ; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/10371
[59] https://t.me/dva_majors/41604 ; https://t.me/milinfolive/121529
[60] https://t.me/boris_rozhin/122585 ; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/122605
[61] https://t.me/creamy_caprice/5385; https://t.me/atompobeda/3500
[62] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2024/05/05/na-pivdni-vijstka-rf-zbilshyly-kilkist-shturmiv-v-rajonah-robotynogo-i-krynkiv/
[63] https://t.me/SALDO_VGA/3102
[64] https://t.me/ComAFUA/280
[65] https://t.me/dnipropetrovskaODA/12632
[66] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2024/05/05/vijska-rf-vnochi-vdaryly-po-zhytlovomu-sektoru-harkova-ye-postrazhdali/ ; https://t.me/synegubov/9353 ; https://t.me/ihor_terekhov/1279 ; https://t.me/ihor_terekhov/1270
[67] https://www.facebook.com/OperationalCommandSouth/posts/pfbid0znTraLSDkrkcAVAkmJKjs8QsX18Hr9WW2FE1CtDKucgv5tP17FSYbsTr8EUL5kSzl
[68] https://t.me/poltavskaOVA/14274 ; https://armyinform dot com.ua/2024/05/05/rosiyany-vdaryly-raketoyu-po-elevatoru-na-poltavshhyni/ ; https://suspilne dot media/poltava/739229-u-poltavi-prolunali-zvuki-vibuhiv-3/
[69] https://t.me/dsns_telegram/27809
[70] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2024/05/05/na-velykden-vorog-vdaryv-5-raketamy-po-tes-na-donechchyni/
[71] https://suspilne dot media/739115-suma-zbitkiv-ocinuetsa-u-ponad-milard-dolariv-galusenko-rozpoviv-pro-situaciu-v-energetici/
[72] https://t.me/philologist_zov/949
[73] https://novayagazeta dot eu/articles/2024/05/03/minoborony-rasshiriaetsia
[74] https://mid dot ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/1948065/