Angelica Evans, Nicole Wolkov, Grace Mappes, Davit Gasparyan and Frederick W. Kagan
Click here to see ISW's interactive map of Ukraine's offensive in Kursk Oblast.
Key Takeaways:
- Russian forces struck civilian infrastructure and a military educational facility in Poltava City with two Iskander-M ballistic missiles, killing and wounding a significant number of people, as part of a wider strike series on the night of September 2 to 3.
- The wider impacts of the Ukrainian incursion into Kursk Oblast on the war and any envisioned diplomatic solution to the war are not yet clear, and assessments of these impacts are premature.
- Attempts to assess the impacts of the Ukrainian incursion at this premature stage will likely come to partial and inaccurate conclusions about Ukraine's ability to change the trajectory of the conflict and the Kremlin's appetite for peace negotiations on acceptable terms.
- Reuters reported that the US is considering providing Ukraine with long range Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missiles (JASSMs) but that Ukraine would not receive the missiles for months.
- Russian President Vladimir Putin concluded his trip to Mongolia by signing agreements that strengthen bilateral economic ties and trilateral energy relations between Russia, Mongolia and the People's Republic of China (PRC).
- South African President Cyril Ramaphosa and People's Republic of China (PRC) President Xi Jinping issued a joint statement praising each other’s purported efforts to address the war Ukraine.
- Russian forces recently advanced near Toretsk and Pokrovsk and southwest of Donetsk City.
- Russian occupation authorities continue to advertise Russian military service to civilians in occupied Ukraine.
- Ukrainian Operations in the Russian Federation
- Russian Main Effort – Eastern Ukraine (comprised of three subordinate main efforts)
- Russian Subordinate Main Effort #1 – Push Ukrainian forces back from the international border with Belgorod Oblast and approach to within tube artillery range of Kharkiv City
- Russian Subordinate Main Effort #2 – Capture the remainder of Luhansk Oblast and push westward into eastern Kharkiv Oblast and encircle northern Donetsk Oblast
- Russian Subordinate Main Effort #3 – Capture the entirety of Donetsk Oblast
- Russian Supporting Effort – Southern Axis
- Russian Air, Missile, and Drone Campaign
- Russian Mobilization and Force Generation Efforts
- Russian Technological Adaptations
- Activities in Russian-occupied areas
- Ukrainian Defense Industrial Base Efforts
- Russian Information Operations and Narratives
- Significant Activity in Belarus
Russian sources claimed that Ukrainian forces continued ground attacks in Kursk Oblast but did not advance on September 3. The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) and other Russian sources claimed that Ukrainian forces attacked near Komarovka (southwest of Korenevo), Korenevo, Olgovka (east of Korenevo), Cherkasskoye Porechnoye (north of Sudzha), and Borki (southeast of Sudzha).[35] A Russian milblogger claimed that Ukrainian forces are still in Olgovka but that the settlement is contested.[36] Another Russian milblogger claimed that Ukrainian forces are consolidating positions in Kursk Oblast.[37] One Russian source claimed that Russian forces are counterattacking near Aleksandrovka (northeast of Korenevo).[38] Elements of the Russian 810th Naval Infantry Brigade (Black Sea Fleet [BSF]) are reportedly operating near Sheptukhovka (northeast of Korenevo), and elements of the 56th Airborne (VDV) Regiment (7th VDV Division) are reportedly operating near Korenevo.[39]
Russian forces continued ground attacks northeast of Kharkiv City in Vovchansk on September 3, but there were no confirmed changes to the frontline.[42] The Ukrainian Kharkiv Group of Forces reported that an engineering element of the Russian 11th Tank Regiment (18th Motorized Rifle Division, 11th Army Corps, Leningrad Military District [LMD]) arrived at an advanced Russian position near Hlyboke (north of Kharkiv City) and that elements of the Russian 82nd Motorized Rifle Regiment (69th Motorized Rifle Division, 6th Combined Arms Army [CAA], LMD) conducted an internal rotation near Vovchansk.[43]
Russian forces continued offensive operations along the Kupyansk-Svatove-Kreminna line on September 3, but did not make any confirmed advances. A Russian military expert claimed on September 3 that Russian forces recently advanced in Nevske and Hrekivka (both northwest of Kreminna).[44] Russian forces continued ground attacks northeast of Kupyansk near Synkivka; east of Kupyansk near Petropavlivka; northwest of Svatove near Hlushkivka, Kolisynkivka, Stelmakhivka, and Berestove; southwest of Svatove near Tverdokhlibove, Chereshchyna, Druzhelyubivka, Hrekivka, Makiivka, Nevske, and Novosadove; west of Kreminna near Torske and Terny; and south of Kreminna in the Serebryanske forest area on September 2 and 3.[45] Elements of the Russian 144th Motorized Rifle Division (20th Combined Arms Army [CAA], Moscow Military District [MMD]) are reportedly operating along the Svatove-Kreminna line.[46]
Russian forces continued offensive operations near Chasiv Yar on September 3, but there were no confirmed changes to the frontline. A Russian milblogger claimed that Russian forces advanced in southeastern Hryhorivka (northeast of Chasiv Yar) and within the Zhovtnevyi Microraion in eastern Chasiv Yar.[50] Russian forces continued offensive operations near Chasiv Yar; north of Chasiv Yar near Kalynivka; south of Chasiv Yar near Stupochky and Bila Hora; and southeast of Chasiv Yar near Klishchiivka and Andriivka on September 2 and 3.[51] The spokesperson for a Ukrainian brigade operating in the Chasiv Yar direction reported on September 3 that Russian infantry units are attacking in company-sized groups of two to eight personnel and that Russian forces are currently using fewer glide bombs in this direction than Russian forces used in Spring and early Summer 2024.[52] The spokesperson estimated that Russian forces currently have a two-to-one artillery fire advantage over Ukrainian forces in the area. Elements of the Russian 98th VDV Division and 88th "Hispaniola" Volunteer Brigade (Russian Volunteer Corps) are reportedly operating near Chasiv Yar.[53]
Russian forces recently marginally advanced northeast of Toretsk amid continued assaults in the area on September 3. Geolocated footage published on September 3 indicates that Russian forces recently marginally advanced in northwestern Druzhba (northeast of Toretsk).[54] A Russian milblogger claimed that Russian forces completely seized Druzhba, although ISW has not observed visual confirmation of this maximalist claim.[55] Russian forces continued offensive operations near Toretsk and south of Toretsk near Nelipivka on September 2 and 3.[56]
Russian forces recently advanced southeast of Pokrovsk amid continued offensive operations east and southeast of the town on September 3. Geolocated footage published on September 3 indicates that Russian forces recently advanced into southwestern Halytsynivka (southeast of Pokrovsk), and ISW assesses that Russian forces have likely seized the settlement.[57] A Ukrainian officer operating in the Pokrovsk direction reported on September 2 that Ukrainian forces withdrew from Novohrodivka (southeast of Pokrovsk) to preserve the lives of Ukrainian servicemembers, indicating that Russian forces have likely seized Novohrodivka.[58] Russian milbloggers claimed that Russian forces seized Nevelske (southeast of Pokrovsk) and advanced southeast of Pokrovsk in the fields northwest of Nevelske, north of Zhelanne Pershe, and west and south of Lysivka.[59] ISW has not observed confirmation of these claims, however. A Ukrainian military observer stated that Russian forces are roughly eight kilometers from Pokrovsk, which is consistent with ISW's assessed extent of Russian advances in the area, and that Russian company-sized groups of three to six personnel with drone support are conducting reconnaissance-in-force operations against Ukrainian positions in the area.[60] The Ukrainian military observer noted that Russian forces are not conducting armored assaults and that Russian forces are suffering significant manpower losses in the Pokrovsk direction. Russian forces continued offensive operations east of Pokrovsk near Kalynove, Vozdvyzhenka, Zelene Pole, Myrolyubivka, Mykhailivka, Hrodivka, and Krutyi Yar and southeast of Pokrovsk near Novohrodivka, Selydove, Ukrainsk, and Halytsynivka on September 2 and 3.[61]
Russian forces reportedly recently advanced west of Donetsk City amid continued offensive operations west and southwest of Donetsk City on September 3. A Russian milblogger claimed that elements of the Russian 5th and 110th motorized rifle brigades (both of the 51st Combined Arms Army [CAA], formerly the 1st Donetsk People's Republic Army Corps [DNR AC]) conducted a mechanized attack of an unspecified size in western Krasnohorivka (west of Donetsk City) seized a windbreak in the area.[62] A Ukrainian brigade operating in the Kurakhove (west of Donetsk City) direction published footage on September 2 of Ukrainian forces repelling a Russian roughly reduced-company sized mechanized assault in an unspecified area in the Kurakhove direction.[63] Fighting also continued west of Donetsk City near Heorhiivka and Maksymilyanivka on September 2 and 3.[64]
Fighting continued in western Zaporizhia Oblast near Robotyne, Novoandriivka (north of Robotyne), and Mala Tokmachka (northeast of Robotyne) on September 3, but there were no confirmed changes to the frontline.[71] A Russian milblogger claimed that Russian forces advanced in fields north of Robotyne, but ISW has not observed confirmation of this claim.[72] Elements of the Russian 71st Motorized Rifle Regiment (42nd Motorized Rifle Division, 58th Combined Arms Army [CAA], Southern Military District [SMD]) are reportedly operating near Robotyne.[73]
Limited fighting continued in east (left) bank Kherson Oblast on September 3.[74]
ISW is not publishing coverage of occupied areas today.
Note: ISW does not receive any classified material from any source, uses only publicly available information, and draws extensively on Russian, Ukrainian, and Western reporting and social media as well as commercially available satellite imagery and other geospatial data as the basis for these reports. References to all sources used are provided in the endnotes of each update.
[1] https://t.me/kpszsu/18697
[2] https://t.me/kpszsu/18697
[3] https://t.me/V_Zelenskiy_official/11532 ; https://t.me/osirskiy/836 ; https://t.me/pgo_gov_ua/25875
[4] https://t.me/V_Zelenskiy_official/11537
[5] https://t.me/V_Zelenskiy_official/11533
[6] https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/03/europe/ukraine-poltava-russia-attack-intl/index.html
[7] https://t.me/warhistoryalconafter/182736; https://t.me/rybar/63242 ; https://t.me/z_arhiv/27954 ; https://t.me/motopatriot/27158 ; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/135998 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/51443 ; https://t.me/milinfolive/129809 ; https://t.me/vysokygovorit/17184
[8] https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/zelenskyy-ukraine-russia-territory-seized-putin-kursk-rcna169280
[9] https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/zelenskyy-ukraine-russia-territory-seized-putin-kursk-rcna169280 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar082724
[10] https://isw.pub/UkrWar082724
[11] https://isw.pub/UkrWar083124
[12] https://isw.pub/UkrWar082924
[13] https://isw.pub/UkrWar060724
[14] https://isw.pub/UkrWar120422 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar111222 ; https://isw.pub/RusCampaignOct5
[15] https://isw.pub/UkrWar042024 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar041824 ; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-april-14-2024 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar060724 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar051124 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar052424
[16] https://isw.pub/UkrWar072624 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar08072024 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar053124 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar042724
[17] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-21-2024-0 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar012324 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar072424
[18] https://isw.pub/UkrWar112322 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar010523 ; https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/putins-dehumanized-russia ; https://uacrisis.org/en/degumanizatsiya
[19] https://isw.pub/UkrWar052624 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar052424 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar071124 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar012724 ; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-3-2024
[20] https://isw.pub/UkrWar070924 ; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-july-2-2024
[21] https://www.reuters.com/world/us-close-agreeing-long-range-missiles-ukraine-delivery-take-months-2024-09-03/;
[22] https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/jassm/
[23] https://www.reuters.com/world/us-close-agreeing-long-range-missiles-ukraine-delivery-take-months-2024-09-03/;
[24] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/interactive-map-hundreds-known-russian-military-objects-are-range-atacms
[25] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/interactive-map-hundreds-known-russian-military-objects-are-range-atacms
[26] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/interactive-map-hundreds-known-russian-military-objects-are-range-atacms; https://isw.pub/UkrWar070724; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-15-2024
[27] http://kremlin dot ru/events/president/news/74993
[28] http://kremlin dot ru/events/president/news/74993 ; https://t.me/tass_agency/270165 ; https://t.me/tass_agency/270170
[29] http://kremlin dot ru/events/president/news/74993 ; https://t.me/tass_agency/270165 ; https://t.me/tass_agency/270170
[30] https://t.me/tass_agency/270121 ; https://t.me/tass_agency/270124 ; https://t.me/tass_agency/270125
[31] http://kremlin dot ru/events/president/transcripts/74992
[32] https://tass dot com/politics/1837501
[33] https://dirco dot gov.za/joint-statement-between-the-peoples-republic-of-china-and-the-republic-of-south-africa-on-the-occasion-of-the-second-state-visit-to-china-by-he-president-cyril-ramaphosa-and-the-establishment/ ; http://en.cppcc dot gov.cn/2024-09/03/c_1017982.htm ; https://t.me/tass_agency/270099
[34] https://isw.pub/UkrWar061723 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar053124 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar051624
[35] https://t.me/mod_russia/42926 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/51403 ; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/14937
[36] https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/14937
[37] https://t.me/dva_majors/51403
[38] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/76247
[39] https://t.me/NgP_raZVedka/18931 ; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/14937
[40] https://t.me/tver_chp/18293 ; https://t.me/milinfolive/129773 ; https://t.me/bazabazon/30903 ; https://t.me/vchkogpu/50607 ; https://t.me/mash/57276
[41] https://t.me/vchkogpu/50631
[42] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0ab5BmUgbcWP5U7HYaCA29QkAEigE4dB75jLk8r6xNKwtEY5gu5ZskSwUxV9CVNqJl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02Sxt1KeryDAETE6N5tJ2sGikTK2Y3a8NPXE29VYeFaE6dSiGJYbjFypxUAFY44jx3l; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid016E1g1wyv4rqub4c6pJSiP5aziUBC73PZ7yddK4jHkFVGVWrEqMDJ4Ykzfo8dXuml
[43] https://t.me/otukharkiv/1068
[44] https://t.me/tass_agency/270114
[45]https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0ab5BmUgbcWP5U7HYaCA29QkAEigE4dB75jLk8r6xNKwtEY5gu5ZskSwUxV9CVNqJl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02Sxt1KeryDAETE6N5tJ2sGikTK2Y3a8NPXE29VYeFaE6dSiGJYbjFypxUAFY44jx3l; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid016E1g1wyv4rqub4c6pJSiP5aziUBC73PZ7yddK4jHkFVGVWrEqMDJ4Ykzfo8dXuml; https://t.me/tass_agency/270111; https://t.me/mod_russia/42922
[46] https://t.me/boris_rozhin/135937 ; https://t.me/vysokygovorit/17174
[47] https://t.me/motopatriot/27160
[48] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0ab5BmUgbcWP5U7HYaCA29QkAEigE4dB75jLk8r6xNKwtEY5gu5ZskSwUxV9CVNqJl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid016E1g1wyv4rqub4c6pJSiP5aziUBC73PZ7yddK4jHkFVGVWrEqMDJ4Ykzfo8dXuml; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02Sxt1KeryDAETE6N5tJ2sGikTK2Y3a8NPXE29VYeFaE6dSiGJYbjFypxUAFY44jx3l
[49] https://t.me/russian_airborne/7102 ; https://t.me/voin_dv/10588
[50] https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/14918
[51] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0ab5BmUgbcWP5U7HYaCA29QkAEigE4dB75jLk8r6xNKwtEY5gu5ZskSwUxV9CVNqJl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid016E1g1wyv4rqub4c6pJSiP5aziUBC73PZ7yddK4jHkFVGVWrEqMDJ4Ykzfo8dXuml; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02Sxt1KeryDAETE6N5tJ2sGikTK2Y3a8NPXE29VYeFaE6dSiGJYbjFypxUAFY44jx3l ; https://t.me/dva_majors/51403 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/21896
[52] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDXWlQ2K0dM; https://suspilne dot media/donbas/827687-oborona-casovogo-aru-kabiv-stalo-mense-rf-zastosovue-nekerovani-aviaraketi/
[53] https://t.me/milinfolive/129779 ; https://t.me/milinfolive/129779
[54] https://t.me/creamy_caprice/6647; https://t.me/rubpak28/357
[55] https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/58762
[56] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02Sxt1KeryDAETE6N5tJ2sGikTK2Y3a8NPXE29VYeFaE6dSiGJYbjFypxUAFY44jx3l ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0ab5BmUgbcWP5U7HYaCA29QkAEigE4dB75jLk8r6xNKwtEY5gu5ZskSwUxV9CVNqJl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid016E1g1wyv4rqub4c6pJSiP5aziUBC73PZ7yddK4jHkFVGVWrEqMDJ4Ykzfo8dXuml
[57] https://t.me/creamy_caprice/6646; https://www.facebook.com/119obtro/videos/1224038728628786/?mibextid=rS40aB7S9Ucbxw6v
[58] https://www.unian dot net/war/novogrodivka-boji-na-pokrovskomu-napryamku-12745791.html
[59] https://t.me/z_arhiv/27951 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/58763
; https://t.me/milinfolive/129820 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/58763
[60] https://t.me/ButusovPlus/13300 ; https://www.facebook.com/butusov.yuriy/posts/pfbid028idjwoUqJqxz8vMkaAmqE4xL5GqAfLFFYsCw9Yc2Fcr4grDKDPvF4eZMYfoDhU6hl
[61] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0ab5BmUgbcWP5U7HYaCA29QkAEigE4dB75jLk8r6xNKwtEY5gu5ZskSwUxV9CVNqJl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02Sxt1KeryDAETE6N5tJ2sGikTK2Y3a8NPXE29VYeFaE6dSiGJYbjFypxUAFY44jx3l ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid016E1g1wyv4rqub4c6pJSiP5aziUBC73PZ7yddK4jHkFVGVWrEqMDJ4Ykzfo8dXuml ; https://t.me/dva_majors/51403 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/21896 ; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/14930 ; https://t.me/RVvoenkor/76249 ;
[62] https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/14926
[63] https://t.me/odshbr79/326 ; https://x.com/666_mancer/status/1830844258380550161
[64] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0ab5BmUgbcWP5U7HYaCA29QkAEigE4dB75jLk8r6xNKwtEY5gu5ZskSwUxV9CVNqJl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02Sxt1KeryDAETE6N5tJ2sGikTK2Y3a8NPXE29VYeFaE6dSiGJYbjFypxUAFY44jx3l; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid016E1g1wyv4rqub4c6pJSiP5aziUBC73PZ7yddK4jHkFVGVWrEqMDJ4Ykzfo8dXuml; https://t.me/wargonzo/21896; https://t.me/RVvoenkor/76249;
[65] https://t.me/dva_majors/51404; https://t.me/wargonzo/21896; https://t.me/z_arhiv/27948; https://t.me/RVvoenkor/76249; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/135972;
[66] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/76227; https://t.me/dva_majors/51403; https://t.me/RVvoenkor/76249; https://t.me/dva_majors/51386
[67] https://t.me/z_arhiv/27948
[68] https://t.me/dva_majors/51403; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/135972; https://t.me/voin_dv/10601; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/58748
[69] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0ab5BmUgbcWP5U7HYaCA29QkAEigE4dB75jLk8r6xNKwtEY5gu5ZskSwUxV9CVNqJl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02Sxt1KeryDAETE6N5tJ2sGikTK2Y3a8NPXE29VYeFaE6dSiGJYbjFypxUAFY44jx3l; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid016E1g1wyv4rqub4c6pJSiP5aziUBC73PZ7yddK4jHkFVGVWrEqMDJ4Ykzfo8dXuml; https://t.me/dva_majors/51404; https://t.me/wargonzo/21896
[70] https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/14926
[71] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0ab5BmUgbcWP5U7HYaCA29QkAEigE4dB75jLk8r6xNKwtEY5gu5ZskSwUxV9CVNqJl; https://t.me/dva_majors/51461; https://t.me/motopatriot/27163
[72] https://t.me/motopatriot/27163
[73] https://t.me/motopatriot/27163
[74] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0ab5BmUgbcWP5U7HYaCA29QkAEigE4dB75jLk8r6xNKwtEY5gu5ZskSwUxV9CVNqJl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid016E1g1wyv4rqub4c6pJSiP5aziUBC73PZ7yddK4jHkFVGVWrEqMDJ4Ykzfo8dXuml; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02Sxt1KeryDAETE6N5tJ2sGikTK2Y3a8NPXE29VYeFaE6dSiGJYbjFypxUAFY44jx3l
[75] https://t.me/VGA_Kherson/24463
[76] https://t.me/tass_agency/270160
[77] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-september-2-2024; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-29-2024; https://tass dot com/politics/1837707
[78] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/14/russia-says-it-does-not-recognise-hague-court-amid-reports-of-arrest-warrants
[79] https://tass dot ru/interviews/21751915 ; https://t.me/tass_agency/270184
[80] https://isw.pub/UkrWar082824
[81] https://tass dot ru/interviews/21751915 ; https://t.me/tass_agency/270184